This data sheet was compiled by the Building Research Establishment (BRE). It is based on data from tests carried out at BRE (2000). The data sheet was compiled in May 2000. The work was carried out by BRE as part of a Partners in Technology Programme funded by the Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions and Dunhouse Quarry Co. Ltd. and does not represent an endorsement of the stone by BRE.

General
The Quarry is at Byrness and is operated by Dunhouse Quarry Ltd.. It is part of the Lower Carboniferous group of sandstones. The bed height is greater than 2m and maximum block size is 2 x 2.5 x1.5 m with a maximum supplied size of 1.5 x 2 x 1.5 m. There are suitable reserves and material can be supplied in a variety of formats.

Petrography 
Copp-Crag is a yellow-brown fine grained, non-calcareous sandstone.

Expected Durability and Performance 
It is important that the results from individual tests are not viewed in isolation. They should be considered together and compared to the performance of the stone in existing buildings and other uses. Sandstone is traditionally acknowledged as generally being a very durable building and paving stone and has been used extensively in many towns and cities in the UK. Copp-Crag sandstone appears to be a durable stone that will have moderate resistance to acid rain or air pollution. In addition, the slight weight lost in the sodium sulphate crystallisation test indicates moderate resistance to salt damage special consideration may be required for locations with harsher environments (for example in coastal locations or from de-icing salts). From the frost test the stone should also have good frost resistance. The compressive and flexural strength of the stone is in the lower end of the range for sandstones. The density and compressive and flexural strength indicate that the stone should be suitable for use in medium trafficked areas.

Overall, Copp-Crag should be suitable for use in general use in all aspects of construction including flooring, paving, load bearing masonry and cladding. Special consideration should be taken in uses with a very severe environment or where a long service life is needed.

Test Results - Copp Crag

Safety in Use
Slip Resistance (Note 1)	84	Wet Values > 40 are considered safe.
Abrasion Resistance (Note 1)	Not Tested	Values <23.0 are considered suitable for use in heavily trafficked areas
Strength under load
1) Compression(Note 2)	89.4 MPa	Loaded perpendicular to the bedding plane ambient humidity
2) Bending (Note 1)	4.1 MPa	Loaded perpendicular to the bedding plane ambient humidity
	Not Tested	Loaded perpendicular to the bedding plane ambient humidity
Porosity and Water Absorption
1) Porosity (Note 3)	17.8%
2) Saturation Coefficient (Note 3)	0.57
3) Water Absorption	4.6 % (by wt)
4) Bulk specific gravity	2186kg/m3
Resistance to Frost
Flexural strength after Freeze/Thaw Test (Note 1)	3.6 MPa	Loaded perpendicular to the bedding plane ambient humidity
Resistance to Salt
Sodium Sulphate Crystallisation Test (Note 3)	-0.99% Mean wt loss
Resistance to Acidity
Acid Immersion Test(Note 4)	Pass

(Test methods Note 1 = EN1341, Note 2 = EN 1342, Note 3 = EN 1341 /BRE 141, Note 4 = BRE 141)

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